Ecuador is a presidential republic with a population exceeding 18.3 million. It spans Andes, Amazon, and Pacific lowlands including the Galápagos. The economy is dollarised and trade-oriented with a nominal GDP surpassing $124 billion; leading exports include crude petroleum, shrimp, bananas, cocoa beans, and processed fish, while imports include refined petroleum, coal-tar oil, cars, soybean meal, and petroleum gas.

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